Which of the following best describes a "deductible" in an insurance policy?

A deductible is an out-of-pocket expense that the insured must pay on a claim before their insurance coverage begins to pay for the remaining costs. This amount is specified in the insurance policy, and it serves as a form of cost-sharing between the insurer and the insured. The purpose of a deductible is to discourage small claims and encourage policyholders to take care in avoiding loss; as they will have to bear some of the financial responsibility.

For instance, if a policy has a deductible of $500, the insured would need to pay the first $500 of a covered loss, and the insurer would cover the amount beyond that, subject to the terms of the policy. This mechanism helps to keep insurance premiums more affordable as higher deductibles typically lead to lower premium costs since the insured is agreeing to take on a greater share of the risk.